The use of exogenous microbial species to enhance the performance of a hybrid fixed-film bioreactor treating coal gasification wastewater to meet discharge requirements

Abstract

Integrated refineries, such as those using the Lurgi coal gasification process, generate large volumes of wastewater with high concentrations of hazardous contaminants. The composition of coal gasification wastewaters (CGWW) and coking wastewater are similar with respect to the organic and inorganic constituents. , 2011). , 2007). , 2014).

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