Anaerobic and photocatalytic treatment of textile and distillery wastewater in integrated fluidized bed reactors

Abstract

Wastewater treatment has experienced many challenges in recent years. On the one hand this has been due to the stringent environmental laws governing discharge limits; on the other hand, due to the emerging contaminants that do not lend themselves to conventional treatment methods. Of prime focus is the poor performance of many anaerobic systems run by municipalities in South Africa. There are numerous challenges related to both the management and technical issues concerning design capacity of the systems and the changing characteristics of the wastes treated. The response to these challenges has been an effort to develop more robust but low-cost treatment methods. To obtain an optimal balance between cost and robustness, significant amount of scientific and engineering work needs to be done to exploit the competencies at the interface of the relevant disciplines. In this regard, there are several approaches that have been employed recently, including two main ones.

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