The application and testing of diatom-based indices in the Vaal and Wilge Rivers, South Africa

Abstract

Chemical monitoring of water resources is time-consuming and comparatively expensive and may not always provide a composite reflection of actual water quality. Biotic indices using faunal elements, such as macroinvertebrates and fish, are already in place in South Africa as part of the National Biomonitoring Programme for Aquatic Ecosystems (NBPAE). As yet periphyton communities are not included in this programme due to perceived difficulties in the application of these methods. Diatom samples were collected from 10 sites in the Vaal and Wilge Rivers for a period of one year. Diatom cells from these communities were enumerated and diatom-based indices were calculated using OMNIDIA v.3. Diatom index scores were correlated to physical and chemical water quality variables over different time periods and at different concentrations. It was found that the tested diatom indices in general have the best correlation with average chemical data for a one-month period, starting six weeks prior to biological sampling.

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