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Brief - Position Paper

Solutions for billing and revenue challenges in growing serviced rural and peri-urban settlements on trust and private land

Published: 1 June 2026
Report No: WRC project no. C2025/2026-01902
Authors: Ndevu L, Moroke T, Graham N

Abstract

South African municipalities have a constitutional obligation to provide water services to all residents, including those living on customary land. Meeting this obligation in areas that fall outside the formal cadastre is a challenging exercise for municipalities that do not have de facto planning power in these areas. The recovery of costs when the service is provided is the focus of this study, which was funded by the Water Research Commission.

Authors

NL
Ndevu L
MT
Moroke T
GN
Graham N

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